Bone grafts are placed in several situations. A socket graft is placed at the time a tooth is extracted to keep the bone from collapsing. A ridge augmentation rebuilds the width or height of the jaw where bone has already been lost. A sinus augmentation adds bone to the upper back jaw, where the bone below the sinus is often too thin to hold an implant. Grafting may also be part of active periodontal therapy to repair bone damaged by gum disease.
There are several types of grafting material. Bone taken from the patient’s own body heals very predictably, but it requires a second surgical site. Donor bone from a tissue bank, carefully processed and sterilized, is the most commonly used material and avoids that second site. Animal-derived bone and synthetic materials are also available and work very well in many cases. The best choice depends on how much bone is needed, where it is needed, and the patient’s overall health.
The procedure is usually performed with local anesthesia. IV sedation is available for patients who are anxious or who need more extensive treatment. The graft material is placed, often covered with a protective membrane, and the gums are closed with stitches. Mild swelling and soreness for a few days is normal and is usually managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. Healing typically takes three to six months before an implant can be placed. In some cases the graft and implant can be placed at the same appointment. Smoking and uncontrolled diabetes can slow healing and lower the success rate.
Basically, bone grafting rebuilds the foundation that teeth and implants depend on. A graft placed at the time of extraction is simpler and less costly than rebuilding bone after it has been lost. The success rate is high, and the result is a stronger jaw, a better long-term outcome for implants, and a more natural facial appearance.
It is very important to keep all follow-up appointments after a bone graft. This way, we can monitor healing and confirm the bone is ready for the next step. Regular recare appointments for cleaning and examination will help protect the graft for years to come.
